Evaluation of the Impact of Genes Involved in Immune System Regulation on the Prognosis of Patients with Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a malignancy of the lymphatic system marked by the presence of characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells. The prognosis of HL patients can be highly variable, influenced by both clinical factors and underlying genetic profiles. Recent research has highlighted the role of immune system regulation genes in the progression and prognosis of HL. This study aims to investigate the expression levels of several key genes involved in immune regulation and to assess their impact on the prognosis of HL patients. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study involved ۱۲۰ patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprising ۷۰ males and ۵۰ females, with a mean age of ۳۵ years (range: ۱۸-۶۵ years). Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants following informed consent. Total RNA was extracted, and the expression levels of selected immune-regulating genes (PD-L۱, CTLA-۴, and FOXP۳) were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. The gene expression data were normalized to housekeeping genes and analyzed for correlation with clinical outcomes, including response to therapy and overall survival. Result: The quantitative analysis of gene expression revealed a wide range of expression levels among the patients. Specifically: - PD-L۱ expression ranged from ۱۲۰ to ۴۵۰ copies. - CTLA-۴ expression ranged from ۲۰۰ to ۶۰۰ copies. - FOXP۳ expression ranged from ۱۵۰ to ۵۰۰ copies. Higher expression levels of these genes were generally associated with a more favorable prognosis. For instance, patients with PD-L۱ expression above ۳۰۰ copies had a significantly higher overall survival rate compared to those with lower expression levels (p < ۰.۰۵). Similar trends were observed for CTLA-۴ and FOXP۳, indicating that elevated expression levels might contribute to a more robust immune response against the lymphoma. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the expression levels of certain genes involved in immune system regulation are significant prognostic markers in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Elevated gene expression correlates with better clinical outcomes, highlighting the potential for these markers to guide treatment strategies and improve personalized care. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in larger cohorts and exploring their mechanistic roles in HL pathogenesis.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hodgkin's lymphoma ، immune system regulation ، gene expression ، prognosis ، personalized medicine