Identification the novel hub genes in metastatic gastric cancer to Ovarian tissues by Bulk-RNA-seq techniques

Gastric cancer has one of the highest mortality rates in the Iranian population. One of the critical issues is the rapid progression of the disease. However, the main problem is the limited molecular knowledge about this progression and its high-speed feature. To enhance the molecular understanding for therapeutic and early diagnostic approaches, we utilized the GSE۱۹۱۱۳۹ dataset to identify ۱۹۱۹ differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using GEO۲R bioinformatics software, which reveals molecular alterations during the metastatic process to ovarian tissue. Furthermore, to determine the significance of these altered genes, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. For this, we used the STRING database, which encompasses extensive PPI data from a wide range of organisms. The network was constructed using Cytoscape bioinformatics software, demonstrating ۱۲۳۵ nodes and ۷۳۲۷ edges. To identify the most interactive proteins within the PPI network, we used the CentiScape package. This approach allowed us to pinpoint the key hub genes involved in the metastatic progression of gastric cancer. Our results indicated many hub genes that are highly impactful in the progression mechanism, with most being previously reported in other studies. Additionally, some of these genes have been verified through laboratory techniques, providing further validation of their roles in cancer progression. In this study, we identified new hub genes that may play a significant role in the progression of metastatic gastric cancer to ovarian tissues. These four candidate hub genes are ESR۱, PXDN, PRKACA, and CD۷۹A. The authors recommend several verification techniques to further investigate these candidate genes. Techniques such as Real-time PCR and SDS-PAGE at the protein level are suggested for each gene to explore their altered expression in both primary and metastatic cancers. Moreover, functional techniques, including the inhibition of these genes with specific microRNAs or their induction with transcription factors (TFs), could be used to evaluate their impact on the progression speed of gastric cancer. These functional studies will help determine the exact role of each gene in cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets. This study is the first to report these candidate hub genes as potential molecular diagnostic and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. The identification of these genes provides a new avenue for future research and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the outcomes for patients with gastric cancer. By focusing on these novel hub genes, researchers can develop more effective diagnostic tools and targeted therapies, ultimately leading to better management and treatment of gastric cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

Metastatic gastric cancer ، hub genes ، Bioinformatics ، molecular therapy ، RNA-seq