Gold Optical Biosenspors for miRNA Detection in Cancer: A systematic Review

The early detection and accurate diagnosis of cancer remain pressing global health challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer due to their involvement in gene regulation and dysregulation in various cancer types. Gold optical nanobiosensors have attracted significant attention for miRNA detection, leveraging their unique optical properties and high sensitivity. This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the current landscape and potential of gold optical nanobiosensors in the detection of miRNA cancer biomarkers, providing insights into their applicability and future directions. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were systematically searched for relevant studies published until December ۲۰۲۲, using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH) terms related to miRNA, cancer, and gold optical nanobiosensors. Eligible studies included original research articles that described the development and application of gold optical nanobiosensors for the detection of miRNA biomarkers in cancer, excluding reviews, editorials, and conference abstracts. Results: Our systematic search yielded an initial pool of ۲۸۷ studies, from which ۶۲ studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The studies spanned a diverse range of cancer types, with a particular focus on breast, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancers. The majority of the reviewed studies utilized gold nanoparticles and gold nanostructures as the basis for the nanobiosensors due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique plasmonic properties, which enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of miRNA detection. The results demonstrated the ability of gold optical nanobiosensors to detect specific miRNA biomarkers associated with cancer, offering improved sensitivity and selectivity compared to traditional detection methods. Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the significant potential of gold optical nanobiosensors in the early detection and monitoring of cancer through the sensitive and selective detection of miRNA biomarkers. The reviewed studies highlight the versatility, accuracy, and applicability of these nanobiosensors in cancer diagnostics. However, further research is needed to translate these technologies into clinical practice, addressing challenges such as reproducibility, standardization, and integration with existing diagnostic workflows. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview, emphasizing the promising future of gold optical nanobiosensors in cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine.

کلیدواژه ها:

miRNA ، cancer biomarker ، early detection