Latest Clinical Trials Review in Laryngeal Cancer: Advances and Insights

Introduction As a kind of head and neck cancer, laryngeal cancer affects both survival and quality of life, especially voice function, and therefore presents serious issues. In recent years, there has been a rise in research on cutting-edge treatments and interventions meant to enhance patient outcomes. The treatment of laryngeal cancer is reviewed in this article along with new clinical trials and research, emphasizing immunotherapy, targeted medicines, and less invasive surgical procedures. Methods After a comprehensive search of the two online databases, PubMed and Scopus, ۱۶۸ linked articles were discovered. No language or regional limitations were imposed, and studies released between ۲۰۱۹ and ۲۰۲۴ were included. Ten papers were deemed relevant to this abstract out of the ۳۵ that were chosen for full-text examination after duplicates and screening articles were removed. Results Immunotherapy clinical studies had encouraging outcomes. Specifically, the KEYNOTE-۰۴۸ study showed that individuals with raised PD-L۱ expression had significantly higher overall survival rates when pembrolizumab was employed as the first-line therapy for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Immune checkpoint drugs were often linked to long-lasting responses in patients who had previously demonstrated resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, according to the analyzed studies. Patients with advanced-stage cancer have shown good results from targeted treatments in improving local control of the illness, especially when cetuximab and radiation are combined. When compared to individuals who had radiation alone, a sizable percentage of patients experienced improved illness management. The evaluated trials also demonstrated cetuximab's lower toxicity profile in comparison to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, which makes it a better choice for patients with concomitant conditions. In more than ۴ research studies, minimally invasive surgical techniques—specifically, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral laser microsurgery (TLM)—were thoroughly investigated. Together, these investigations demonstrated that TORS and TLM provide efficient tumor management, with results similar to those of open surgery but with fewer side effects. Patients who had TLM in particular had improved voice preservation and functional results, and recovery durations were noticeably shorter. These methods also decreased the necessity for tracheostomies and the incidence of postoperative problems. Conclusion The advancements in the treatment of laryngeal cancer are emphasized by the reviews and synthesis of clinical studies. Immunotherapy has become a feasible therapeutic option that has improved survival rates and sustained disease control, especially in patients with high expression of PD-L۱. When paired with radiation therapy, targeted treatments like cetuximab provide improved local control with tolerable side effects. Techniques for minimally invasive surgery, such as TORS and TLM, have made great strides in preserving organ function and speeding up healing. To enhance procedures and enhance patient results, further studies on these therapies should be conducted in the future.

کلیدواژه ها:

Laryngeal Cancer ، Immunotherapy ، Targeted Therapy ، Minimally Invasive Surgery