The role of fibroblast growth factor receptor۱ amplification as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent and aggressive form of esophageal cancer, characterized by poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Fibroblast growth factor receptor ۱ (FGFR۱) is one of the genes that is amplified in some malignancies, including ESCC. Recent studies have highlighted FGFR۱ amplification as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC; however, its clinical significance has yet to be fully elucidated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of FGFR۱ amplification as a prognostic biomarker in ESCC. Methods: This systematic review study is based on PRiSMA guidelines. The search was conducted using major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies studies published between ۲۰۱۵ to ۲۰۲۴. The search terms used are: “fibroblast growth factor receptor-۱”, “esophageal squamous cell carcinoma”, “prognosis”, “gene expression”. Inclusion criteria encompassed original research articles, clinical trials, and case reports that investigated FGFR۱ amplification in relation to prognosis in ESCC. The search was conducted without language restrictions. A total of ۲۵۴ results were found. Book chapters, conference abstracts, theses, narrative and systematic reviews were excluded from the study. Eventually, ۱۶ original articles that were most related to the title were selected and reviewed. Results: In ۱۰ out of the ۱۶ selected studies, FGFR۱ amplification was identified as an independent prognostic factor, particularly in cases of post-surgical recurrence. In contrast, ۶ studies proposed this protein as an adverse prognostic factor. Furthermore, this review demonstrated a significant correlation between FGFR۱ amplification and negative clinical outcomes in ESCC, including increased tumor aggressiveness and reduced overall survival. Additionally, anti-FGFR۱ was suggested as a targeted therapy strategy. Conclusion: This study suggested that FGFR۱ gene amplification may serve as an independent prognostic factor in patients with ESCC. Identification of this marker may aid in stratifying patients for more personalized therapeutic approaches. Further research is needed to validate FGFR۱ amplification as a reliable prognostic biomarker and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target in ESCC management.

کلیدواژه ها:

fibroblast growth factor receptor-۱ ، esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ، prognosis ، gene expression