Targeted therapy of lip , oral cavity cancer

The treatment of oral cavity carcinoma (OCC) poses significant challenges in public health, particularly due to the limitations of conventional therapies, such as reduced efficacy and severe side effects. However, recent advancements in nanotechnology and immunotherapy offer promising new strategies. This synthesis of current research highlights the potential of nanoparticles for improving drug delivery, imaging, and targeted therapies. Notably, lymphotropic nanoparticles have shown promise in diagnosing metastatic cervical lymph nodes, though further validation is required. Additionally, techniques such as sentinel lymph node procedures and photodynamic therapy are emerging as transformative elements in treatment protocols. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in OCC progression and therapeutic resistance, impacting patient outcomes. Thus, future research must explore the interactions between the TME and various treatment modalities, especially immunotherapies targeting TME components. The integration of nanotechnology and a deeper understanding of the TME may significantly improve OCC treatment paradigms, enhancing both survival rates and quality of life. Immunotherapy has revolutionized OCC treatment by enhancing the immune system's ability to target cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and anti-PD-۱/anti-CTLA-۴ antibodies have shown promise in reinvigorating T-cell responses. Despite these advances, resistance remains a challenge, often due to the suppressive nature of the TME. Monoclonal antibodies are also employed to target specific antigens on cancer cells, improving immune recognition. Furthermore, adoptive cell therapy, in which engineered T-cells are infused to target cancer cells, and cytokine therapy, which stimulates immune cell activity, are emerging as vital immunotherapeutic strategies. In parallel, gene therapy and advanced drug delivery systems are being developed to enhance the precision of treatments. Gene therapy focuses on correcting genetic defects or introducing new genes to combat cancer, with the potential for highly personalized treatment approaches. Advanced drug delivery systems aim to deliver chemotherapy more effectively to tumor sites, reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues. Additionally, immune vaccines are being explored to generate robust immune responses against tumor-specific antigens. Together, these therapeutic innovations highlight the potential for personalized and combination therapies to overcome resistance mechanisms and improve patient outcomes. By integrating various treatment strategies—nanotechnology, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and targeted drug delivery systems—the management of oral cancer can become more precise, less invasive, and significantly more effective, offering new hope for improving survival rates and enhancing the quality of life for patients.

کلیدواژه ها:

Lip Oral Cavity Carcinoma ، Nanotechnology ، Immunotherapy ، Targeted Drug Delivery ، Tumor Microenvironment