The effect of environmental conditions, type of cultivation medium, disinfection treatments and hormonal treatments on apple micro propagation by tissue culture techniques

This study was evaluated micro propagation MM۱۰۶ rootstock through in vitro tissue culture technique. All the plant samples were prepared in winter and spring and the best harvest time was reported in the second month of spring. In order to disinfect the plants from ۷۰% ethanol for ۳۰ seconds, sodium hypochlorite and ۰.۱% mercury chloride were used for ۱, ۳, ۵, ۷, ۱۰, ۱۲ and ۱۵ minutes, and the best result in winter samples was ۱۰ minutes. And in the spring samples, the best result was obtained in ۵ minutes. Explants in the shoot proliferation stage were taken from shoot tips or single nodes, and then in this stage was used of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing benzyl adenine (BA), indole-۳-butyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA۳), phloroglucinol (PG), agar and sorbitol. The first stage of rooting was performed for a week on MS medium with half normal concentrations of mineral salts, together sorbitol and PG, but without BA and GA۳. Also, two common auxins including indole-۳-acetic acid (IAA) and IBA were used separately or in combination. In the second stage of rooting was used of MS medium without auxins and PG for four weeks. The environmental conditions of the growth chamber were set at ۱۶ hours of light with a light intensity of ۱۵۰۰ lux and a culture environment temperature of ۲۵ degrees Celsius. Eventually, at the end of five weeks, explants were evaluated at indices of root length, root number, and rooting percentage. In the root treatment stage, two hormones IAA and IBA were used separately or in combination. In this research, the root length and the number of roots in the shoot explants rooted in the cultured in vitro environment were statistically analyzed based on tables and graphs.

کلیدواژه ها:

micropropagation ، apple ، in vitro ، tissue culture