Long non-coding RNAs: potential biomarkersin gastric cancer

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonmalignancies worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. GC is considered multifactorial diseasesthat can be caused by genetic, environmental and infectious factors.LncRNAs are long non-coding RNAs ranging in size from۲۰۰ nucleotides to less than ۱۰۰ kb. They are produced throughthe processes of capping, processing and polyadenylation butare never translated and play an important role in the regulationof gene expression. Changes in LncRNA expression in cancercells indicate that regulation of their expression can alter multiple molecular pathways in tissues and lead to diseases such asgastric cancer. The role of these molecules has been widely reportedin gastric cancer and their specific expression in tissuescan be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, tumorsize detection or even treatment.Materials and Methods: In this review article, ۳۹ valid articlesfrom PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords Gastriccancer; Biomarker; prognosis; lncRNAs were selected and analyzedbased on relevant topic.Results: LncRNAs have tumorigenic behavior and can act aseither oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. These moleculesplay important roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, metastasis,proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation, as wellas in cellular processes such as re-arrangement, imprinting, Xchromosome inactivation, chromatin structure modification,transcriptional regulation, and processing and translation control.However, more research is needed to clarify the regulatoryroles of these molecules.Conclusion: Previous studies have shown that lncRNAs are oftenexpressed irregularly in various types of tumors, includinggastric cancer. Therefore, identifying new molecular biomarkersfor early detection, treatment response, and prognosis is essential.High-throughput sequencing techniques can identify alarge number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribedthroughout the human genome, and new tools have been providedfor the easier discovery of novel biomarkers for gastriccancer. Although lncRNAs have shown promise as a new typeof tumor marker, they cannot be used for clinical screening purposesbecause taking biopsies from GC patients is challenging.

کلیدواژه ها:

lncRNA ، Gastric cancer ، Biomarker ، Prognosis