Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer: CurrentStatus and Future Directions

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leadingcause of cancer-related deaths. Traditional therapies suchas chemotherapy have been used to treat lung cancer, but targetedtherapy has shown improvements in patient outcomes.Also, FDA-approved drugs designed to target specific mutationsor abnormalities in cancer cells have been developed inrecent years. Here, we review and compare different approachesin lung cancer target therapy regarding pathways, drugs, theprocedure of treatment, and their combinations. Also, we willlook at non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutic agents forthe future of lung cancer-targeted therapy. We summarize thatEGFR mutations are found in approximately ۱۰-۱۵% of nonsmallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and are often treated withdrugs called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which block theactivity of the EGFR protein. KRAS mutations are found in ۲۰-۳۰% of NSCLC cases, but currently, there are not any approveddrugs that directly target them. One approach being studied isdeveloping drugs that target other proteins in the same signalingpathway as KRAS. Mutations in the NF۱ gene have been identifiedin a small subset of NSCLC cases. NF۱ mutations are challengingto target with drugs because the protein produced by themutated NF۱ gene is difficult to target directly. ALK gene rearrangementsoccur in approximately ۵% of NSCLC cases, andthese rearrangements are commonly targeted with drugs calledALK inhibitors. Several ALK inhibitors have been shown to behighly effective in treating ALK-positive NSCLC. Also, othergenetic alternations such as MET, BRAF, HER۲, NTRK, RET,and ROS۱ mutations are rare but actionable. Non-coding RNAsplay a critical role in tumorigenesis and the progression of lungcancer, and targeting dysregulated non-coding RNAs may be apromising strategy for therapy. Currently, potential therapeuticagents for lung cancer treatment include inhibitors of miR-۲۱,circRNA_۰۰۱۴۱۳۰, HOTAIR, and MALAT۱

کلیدواژه ها:

Lung cancer ، Targeted therapy ، Non-coding RNAs ، Signaling pathway