Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer PrognosticBiomarkers

There are ۱۸.۴% of cancer-related deaths caused by lung cancer,which is the leading cause of cancer-related mortalityworldwide. It is estimated that ۲.۲ million new lung cancercases will be diagnosed worldwide in ۲۰۲۰ according to theGLOBOCAN database [۱]. Chest X-rays, CT scans, and PETCTscans are usually used to screen patients with susceptibilityto LC [۲]. Traditionally, these evaluations may occur in the finalstages, depriving the patient of any chance of recovery. Thereis evidence that early diagnosis and timely treatment increasethe chances of curing the disease. One of the most importantmeasures for early lung cancer detection is the use of appropriatemarkers. For diagnosis/classification of non-small cell lungcancer, some biomarkers were approved such as ImmunohistochemicalBiomarkers (biopsy or resection) [۳], Protein Biomarkers(Blood and Serum) [۴,۵], and miRNAs Biomarkers.The markers of each method are as follows:• Immunohistochemical Biomarkers: immunohistochemistryThyroid Transcription Factor ۱ and p۴۰, and Napsin A, p۶۳ [۶]• Protein Biomarkers: Cytokeratin ۱۹ fragment, carcinoembryonicantigen, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carbohydrateantigen [۶], cancer/testis antigen ۱B [۷], prolactin [۸], retinolbindingprotein, ۱-antitrypsin [۹], thymidine kinase ۱, neuronspecificenolase [۱۰], and autoantibodies Annexin A۱-Ab andα-enolase-Ab [۱۱].• miRNAs Biomarkers: miR-۳۳a-۵p, miR-۱۲۸-۳p (۱۲), miR-۲۰۵ (۱۳), miR-۳۷۵ (۱۴), miR-۹۳, miR-۲۲۱, miR-۱۰۰ (۱۵), miR-۱۰۶a, miR-۱۲۵a-۵p, miR-۱۲۹-۳p, miR-۲۰۵, miR-۲۱, miR-۲۹b,miR-۳۷۵, miR-۷ (۱۶), miR-۳۲۴-۳p, miR-۱۲۸۵ (۱۷), miR-۴۸۳-۵p, miR-۱۹۳a-۳p, miR-۲۵, miR-۲۱۴, (۱۸)It appears from the literature review that the diagnostic accuracyof patients with cancer can only be increased substantiallyif several biomarkers are combined.

کلیدواژه ها:

Lung cancer ، Non-small cell ، Biomarker ، PrognosticBiomarkers