Study of risk factors associated with primary liver cancer (PLC)

Introduction: Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of death in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about ۹۰% of primary liver cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for primary liver cancer. Methods: In this systematic review study, a set of databases including Science Direct, Irandoc, web of science, Pubmed were searched using keywords including cancer, liver, risk factor, and their equivalent terms. Then, among the obtained articles, ۵۳ case-control studies and twelve cohort studies performed on human specimens were reviewed. Results: The results showed in addition to hepatitis B and C as two common causes of liver cancer, low levels of selenium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese and high levels of arsenic and cadmium in blood samples were important risk factors for liver cancer. Positive history of diseases such as alcoholic/non-alcoholic fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, acute hepatic porphyria, alpha ۱-antitrypsin deficiency, metabolic syndrome, pyogenic abscess, gallstones, high cholesterol, high level of inflammatory factors, CYP۲D۶ heterozygous gene, and BMI above ۳۰ was associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Results also identified that variables such as alcohol overdose (≥۲۳ g per day), smoking, and high consumption of processed red meat associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Conclusion: According to the evidence obtained from previous studies on risk factors associated with liver cancer, it should be noted that diagnosis, screening, and prevention of these factors can be useful in reducing and incidence of liver cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

cancer ، liver ، risk factor