Gene therapy

Introduction: Gene therapy is bringing new treatment options to multiple fields of medicine. Gene therapy involves identifying appropriate DNA sequence and cell type and then developing suitable ways in which to get enough of the DNA into these cells. This idea has many goals, including the treatment of both inherited and acquired diseases. In 1990 the first clinical trials for gene therapy for adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency were carried out on two young girls at the National Institutes of Health. Results from currently ongoing clinical trials will further improve our understanding of gene.Description: There is a wide range of gene therapy methods like immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and gene transfer. In gene transfer, a new gene can be sent into a cancerous cell or the surrounding tissue to cause cell death or slow the growth of the cancer. Genome editing can be performed on cells ex vivo or in vivo to modify cells.Genes can be inserted into cancer cells by carriers such as viruses to inhibit carcinogenic oncogenes, produce specific proteins, or stop tumor-stimulating genes. Currently, gene therapy is being used to create recombinant cancer vaccines. Oncolytic gene therapy vectors are generally viruses that have been genetically engineered to target and destroy cancer cells. Oncolytic vectors are designed to infect cancer cells and induce cell death through the propagation of the virus, expression of cytotoxic proteins, and cell lysis. This method can be used to treat somatic and germ cells.Discussion and conclusion: Gene therapy is one of the most complex drugs ever developed. The biggest challenge facing all viral vectors is the immune response of the host. Research is also underway to see if this treatment can reduce the side effects of various anticancer drugs by increasing stem cell resistance.