Nano-optical wafers are produced using the nano-lithography process on wafers with a diameter of ۱۰۰ or ۱۵۰ mm. Nano-optical chips are created from small wafers

Note: Some materials can give rise to regular, nanoscale structures under appropriate and controlled conditions - self-assembly. The problem of this approach is the lack of flexibility in the structures that can be achieved and the materials that can be used, which limits the functions that can be realized.

Integrated optical devices and subassemblies based on nano-optical elements realize various advantages. Compared to conventional bulk optics, their size and optical characteristics make assembly alignment more forgiving, less expensive, and less costly. When physically combined with other nano-optics or other materials in manufacturing to create integrated integrated optics, this reduces the complexity and cost of multi-device lamination while increasing reliability. it destroys. Also, nanoarray array devices can be used in multi-beam or multi-path optical circuits and eliminate the need for separate alignment of discrete optics. In general, the manufacturing process of nano-optical elements is flexible and robust, which saves the cost of the manufacturing process in creating integrated and integrated optics. Again, the resulting light is often smaller, more powerful, more practical, and easier to assemble. Because nano-optical devices are manufactured using wafer-based processes that have been developed in semiconductor manufacturing, this enables flexible sharing of manufacturing capacity and It supports high volume production capacity.

Nano optics from "design vocabulary" It uses a growing number of libraries that are functionally equivalent to design libraries used in semiconductor applications. Multiple design elements can be used with complex, multi-step and multi-process methods to create complex nanopatterns and multi-layered devices. The wide range of different nanostructure patterns, materials and integration methods means that there are no inherent limitations to the performance and operating wavelength of nano-optical devices. These features are guided only based on the needs of the application and the optical circuit.

Conclusion :

Some materials can create regular nanoscale structures under appropriate and controlled conditions - self-assembly. The problem of this approach is the lack of flexibility in the structures that can be achieved and the materials that can be used, which limits the functions that can be realized.