Diagnosis and treatment of uterine Isthmocele

Isthmocele or cesarean scar defect is born due to theoverwhelmingly increasing cesarean section (CS) rates all over the world. It was an unknown entity in the lastcentury. Cesarean sections are and can be responsible forshort- and long-term maternal and fetal morbidity,mortality, and financial issues, directly and indirectlyassociated to the former. Out of the many problems thatare caused by CS, isthmocele is a growing surgicalconcern that needs attention in identifying, diagnosing,managing, and treating this problem. Currently,treatments include medical and surgical approaches.Hysteroscopy as well as laparoscopy are used in thetreatment. At this article we presented its symptoms, riskfactors, effects on future fertility complications,diagnostic modalities, and choice of medical or surgicaltreatments,