The Effectiveness of Interactive mHealth Platforms and Theory-Based Support Models on Maternal-Neonatal Outcomes and Breastfeeding Behaviors in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic and Integrative Review

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a major metabolic complication during pregnancy with increasing prevalence globally. Acute maternal and neonatal complications include macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, emergency cesarean deliveries, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Long-term risks include higher recurrence and increased risk of Type ۲ Diabetes Mellitus. Exclusive breastfeeding offers protective neuroendocrine benefits improving postpartum insulin sensitivity, yet mothers with GDM face significant physiological and structural barriers. Mobile health (mHealth) applications have been integrated into care to guide lifestyle, glucose tracking, and lactation advice but often fail to translate knowledge into sustained behavior change. This review synthesizes clinical data on mHealth interventions, evaluates King's Goal Attainment Theory in improving behavioral outcomes, and highlights wearable biosensing technology advances for postpartum metabolic tracking.

کلیدواژه ها:

Gestational Diabetes ، Breastfeeding ، mHealth ، King's Goal Attainment Theory ، Self-Care ، Postpartum Metabolic Control