An Integrated Model for Public Warehouse Management and Customs Services within a Smart Supply Chain Framework

The increasing complexity of global trade networks has intensified the need for integrated logistics systems capable of enhancing efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness across supply chains. Public warehouses and customs services represent two critical components of international trade facilitation. However, in many countries, these entities continue to operate through fragmented information systems, resulting in delays, increased logistics costs, limited visibility, and reduced operational efficiency. Simultaneously, the emergence of Smart Supply Chains (SSCs), enabled by Industry ۴.۰ technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, and Digital Twins, has created unprecedented opportunities for the digital transformation of logistics and customs operations. This study proposes an integrated conceptual model for synchronizing public warehouse management and customs services within a smart supply chain framework. The model seeks to establish a unified digital ecosystem that facilitates real-time information sharing, intelligent decision-making, predictive risk management, and seamless coordination among stakeholders. Drawing upon the Resource-Based View (RBV), Dynamic Capability Theory, and Supply Chain Integration Theory, the study develops a multilayer architecture comprising data acquisition, integration, intelligence, digital twin, and decision-support layers. The proposed framework contributes to the literature by bridging the gap between smart warehousing and digital customs management. Furthermore, it provides practical guidance for policymakers, customs administrations, logistics operators, and warehouse managers seeking to improve trade facilitation and supply chain performance. The findings suggest that integrating advanced digital technologies into warehouse-customs operations can significantly reduce cargo dwell times, improve inventory visibility, enhance regulatory compliance, and strengthen overall supply chain resilience.

کلیدواژه ها:

Smart Supply Chain ، Public Warehouse Management ، Customs Services ، Logistics ۴.۰ ، Digital Customs ، Blockchain ، Internet of Things ، Artificial Intelligence ، Supply Chain Integration