The Role of Assertiveness in Reducing Rumination and Anxiety Symptoms in Students: A Meta-Analysis of CBT Interventions

This meta-analysis investigates the efficacy of assertiveness training, particularly within Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions, in mitigating rumination and anxiety symptoms among students. A systematic search of Google Scholar for studies published between ۲۰۲۰ and ۲۰۲۵, including both English and Persian literature, identified relevant randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Data extracted from these studies included sample size, means, and standard deviations for assertiveness, rumination, and anxiety measures. The meta-analysis employed a fixed-effects model to calculate pooled effect sizes (Cohen's d) and their corresponding ۹۵% confidence intervals. The findings indicate a significant moderate effect of assertiveness training on reducing anxiety symptoms (pooled d = -۰.۵۹۷, ۹۵% CI [-۰.۸۶۴, -۰.۳۳۱]) and a large significant effect on reducing rumination (pooled d = -۱.۱۳۸, ۹۵% CI [-۱.۴۴۵, -۰.۸۳۱]). These results underscore the critical role of assertiveness as a therapeutic target in CBT interventions for improving mental well-being in student populations. The study also includes a PRISMA flow diagram, a conceptual model, and forest plots illustrating the individual and pooled effect sizes for both outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and specific mechanisms through which assertiveness training impacts these psychological constructs.

کلیدواژه ها:

Assertiveness ، Rumination ، Anxiety ، Students ، Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ، Meta-Analysis ، CBT Interventions