The Impact of EEG-Based Neurofeedback on Improving Emotional Self-Regulation in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by pervasive emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and interpersonal instability. Conventional treatments, while effective, often face challenges in addressing the underlying neurophysiological abnormalities associated with rapid emotional shifts. EEG-based neurofeedback (NF) has emerged as a promising non-invasive intervention that allows patients to modulate their own brain activity through real-time feedback. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of EEG and fMRI-based neurofeedback in improving emotional self-regulation among patients with BPD. A systematic search of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Iranian databases (Civilica, Razi University) for studies published between ۲۰۲۰ and ۲۰۲۵ was conducted. A total of ۱۲ studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on outcomes such as affective instability, emotional awareness, and impulsivity. The results indicate a significant moderate effect size (Hedges' g = ۰.۵۳, ۹۵% CI [۰.۴۲, ۰.۶۴]) favoring neurofeedback interventions over control conditions. Specific protocols targeting the amygdala and frontal alpha asymmetry showed the most robust improvements. These findings suggest that neurofeedback is a viable adjunctive therapy for BPD, though further large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to standardize protocols.

کلیدواژه ها:

Borderline Personality Disorder ، Neurofeedback ، EEG ، Emotional Self-Regulation ، Meta-Analysis ، Amygdala ، Frontal Alpha Asymmetry