The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Distress Tolerance, Rumination, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis with Gender as a Moderator among Counseling Clients in Ahvaz

The present study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of Schema Therapy (ST) on distress tolerance, rumination, and symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) among individuals seeking psychological counseling in Ahvaz, Iran. Based on a systematic search of literature from ۲۰۲۰ to ۲۰۲۵, including both Persian and international databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, SID), ۱۲ relevant studies were identified and synthesized. The results indicated a significant overall effect size (Hedges’ g = ۰.۷۸, p < ۰.۰۰۱) for Schema Therapy in reducing OCD symptoms and rumination while enhancing distress tolerance. Subgroup analysis revealed that gender acts as a significant moderator, with female participants showing slightly higher improvements in emotional regulation and distress tolerance compared to male participants. These findings underscore the clinical utility of Schema Therapy as a robust intervention for OCD and its associated cognitive-emotional processes in the Ahvaz population.

کلیدواژه ها:

Schema Therapy ، Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ، Distress Tolerance ، Rumination ، Meta-Analysis ، Gender Moderation ، Ahvaz