The Impact of Digital Environments and Social Media on Adolescent Identity and Self-Concept: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction: The pervasive integration of digital environments and social media platforms into daily life has profoundly reshaped the landscape of adolescent development. Identity formation, a critical developmental task during adolescence, is increasingly influenced by online interactions, self-presentation, and social comparisons. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the empirical evidence on how digital environments and social media impact various facets of adolescent identity and self-concept. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across major academic databases (Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published between January ۲۰۲۰ and February ۲۰۲۵. Studies were included if they investigated the relationship between digital environment/social media use and adolescent identity or self-concept outcomes. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the overall effect size (Hedges’ g) and assess heterogeneity. Results: Twelve studies, involving a total of ۶۰۰ adolescents, met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a moderate to large positive effect of digital environments and social media interventions on aspects of identity and self-concept (Hedges’ g = ۱.۰۴, ۹۵% CI [۰.۸۵, ۱.۲۳], p <.۰۰۱). Subgroup analyses indicated slightly larger effects for interventions specifically targeting identity exploration (g = ۱.۱۲) compared to those focusing on self-concept clarity (g = ۰.۹۸), though this difference was not statistically significant. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = ۸۵%, p <.۰۰۱). Funnel plot analysis suggested a low risk of publication bias. Conclusion: Digital environments and social media play a significant and complex role in shaping adolescent identity and self-concept. While potential risks exist, targeted interventions and mindful engagement can positively influence identity exploration, commitment, and self-perception. These findings underscore the need for digital literacy education and supportive online environments to foster healthy adolescent development. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and culturally specific nuances.

کلیدواژه ها:

Adolescent Identity ، Self-Concept ، Digital Environments ، Social Media ، Meta-Analysis ، Identity Formation