Impact of International Sanctions on Environmental Sustainability in Iran: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Technological, Financial, and Political Factors

This paper examines how international economic sanctions shape environmental sustainability in Iran by constraining access to advanced technology, finance, and international environmental cooperation. Drawing on political ecology and dependency perspectives, it conceptualizes sanctions as an external shock that reconfigures domestic incentives and institutional capacity for resource governance, with downstream effects on air quality, emissions trajectories, and water management. The study adopts a mixed-methods design that combines time-series and comparative analysis of environmental indicators with qualitative evidence from policy documents, international reports, and stakeholder interviews. Integrating these strands helps distinguish sanctions-related constraints—especially technological isolation and financial bottlenecks—from endogenous governance choices, while clarifying how environmental deterioration becomes a human-security concern through health costs, inequality, and social unrest. The paper closes by identifying policy levers—such as narrowly tailored green-technology carve-outs, compliance-safe financing channels, and monitored technology-transfer exemptions—that could reduce environmental harm without eliminating the strategic signaling function of sanctions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sanctions ، Environmental Sustainability ، Iran ، Political Ecology ، Human security