Applications of Neutrino Physics in Geosciences: Probing the Earth's Interior via Geoneutrinos

The investigation of the Earth's internal thermal and chemical composition remains one of the most fundamental challenges in geophysics. Traditional methods, such as seismic waves and magnetic field analysis, provide indirect information about the Earth's structure. However, neutrino physics offers a revolutionary, direct observational tool: geoneutrinos. These electron antineutrinos are produced during the radioactive decay of long-lived isotopes, primarily Uranium-۲۳۸, Thorium-۲۳۲, and Potassium-۴۰, within the Earth's mantle and crust. This paper explores the theoretical framework of neutrino-based geoscience, discusses the detection mechanisms utilized by major observatories such as KamLAND and Borexino, and analyzes the implications of geoneutrino flux measurements for understanding the Earth's radiogenic heat budget and the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) models.

کلیدواژه ها:

Geoneutrinos ، Neutrino Geophysics ، Radiogenic Heat Production ، Earth Interior Composition ، KamLAND ، Borexino ، Radioactive Decay Chains ، Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) Model