The Role of Urban Planning Regulations and National Building Codes in Structural Quality and Urban Property Safety

With the unprecedented acceleration of urbanization and the expansion of dense urban fabrics, the issue of "structural safety" and "physical urban resilience" has emerged as one of the primary challenges for metropolitan management. This article, employing an analytical-descriptive approach, examines the complementary and synergistic roles of "urban planning regulations" and "National Building Codes" in ensuring the safety and quality of buildings, while focusing on the Municipality of Urmia as a case study for urban management in implementing these regulations. The research findings indicate that while National Building Codes, as technical standards, focus on micro-safety (structural resistance, stability of components, and installation regulations), urban planning regulations, as a macro-roadmap, manage the structural safety of the city (including zoning patterns, optimal density, emergency access networks, and safety buffer zones). The main gap in contemporary urban management lies in the "siloed" or fragmented operation of these two areas and the emergence of construction deviations driven by density-profiteering, which undermines urban resilience in the face of natural hazards, particularly earthquakes. This study, while dissecting executive challenges and regulatory conflicts, proposes innovative solutions-including "the integration of intelligent supervisory systems (BIM)", "the revision of building control systems", "the mandatory implementation of periodic maintenance (Article ۲۲)", and "strengthening the role of Urmia Municipality in monitoring and strictly enforcing regulations"-to enhance the safety level of urban properties. The results suggest that achieving resilient cities requires a transition from a one-dimensional construction approach toward the comprehensive management of the building's lifecycle within the framework of safe urban regulations.

کلیدواژه ها:

National Building Codes ، Urban Planning Regulations ، Structural Safety ، Urban Resilience ، Crisis Management ، High-Level Supervision (Superior Supervision)