An Analysis of the Relationship Between Building Violations and the Unequal Distribution of Per Capita Urban Services in Urban Areas

The Article ۱۰۰ Municipal Commission, as a primary regulatory and executive body in urban management, plays a decisive role in controlling building violations and maintaining the urban fabric. However, the shift in the commission's approach from "physical deterrence" toward "financial penalty-based management" has raised critical questions regarding social justice and the equitable distribution of urban resources. This research aims to evaluate the impact of Article ۱۰۰ decisions on social justice by analyzing the relationship between the types of building violations and the per capita availability of urban services across different urban zones. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach and a comparative methodology, this study examines closed cases of the Article ۱۰۰ Commission in two distinct urban districts (high-income vs. low-income) over a specific time frame. Key variables include the type of violation, the amount of penalties collected, and indices of access to green, educational, and healthcare services. The findings suggest that in affluent areas, Article ۱۰۰ decisions primarily function as a mechanism for "violation legalization" and profit-seeking through fines, leading to unauthorized density increases and pressure on existing infrastructure. Conversely, in underprivileged areas, the nature of violations and financial constraints result in intensified service shortages and ambiguous physical fabrics. This pattern indicates a reproduction of inequality in service distribution and an expansion of the spatial justice gap. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the necessity of shifting the paradigm from "revenue-driven management" to "physical and justice-oriented management," proposing that a portion of monetary fines be redirected as "physical penalties" (e.g., allocating space for public services) within vulnerable areas to prevent the erosion of urban justice.

کلیدواژه ها:

Article ۱۰۰ Commission ، Social Justice ، Building Violations ، Per Capita Urban Services ، Spatial Justice