Exercise and Vitamin D on Inflammatory and Anthropometric Outcomes in Metabolic Disorders

Background: Metabolic disorders are frequently associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and unfavorable anthropometric indices, both of which increase the risk of cardiometabolic complications. Vitamin D supplementation and exercise have been proposed as effective non-pharmacological interventions; however, their combined effects on inflammatory biomarkers and body composition remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise in adults with metabolic disorders. Methods: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA ۲۰۲۰ guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD۴۲۰۲۵۱۱۳۲۹۳۰). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials examining the effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise on anthropometric indices and inflammatory markers in adults with metabolic disorders. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB ۲. Random-effects meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, funnel plots, Egger’s test, and GRADE assessment were performed. Results: Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included. Combined vitamin D supplementation and exercise significantly reduced weight (WMD −۵.۰۳ kg), BMI (−۱.۵۰ kg/m²), body fat percentage (−۴.۵۳%), waist-to-hip ratio (−۰.۰۶), CRP (−۰.۵۵ mg/L), IL-۶ (−۲.۳۰ pg/mL), and TNF-α (−۳.۸۷ pg/mL) (all P<۰.۰۵). Improvements in weight, BMI, and body fat percentage were observed in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise subgroups, whereas reductions in inflammatory markers were mainly associated with aerobic exercise. Intervention duration also influenced outcomes, with several markers improving after both ۸- and ۱۲-week programs. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise may provide synergistic benefits for improving inflammatory status and body composition in adults with metabolic disorders. Overall, the certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate, supporting the potential role of combined lifestyle interventions in metabolic health management.

کلیدواژه ها:

Vitamin D ، Exercise Training ، Metabolic Disorders ، Inflammatory Biomarkers ، Meta-analysis