Electrochemical Nano-Biosensors for Early Breast Cancer Detection: A Critical Review of Trends and Challenges

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. This shows the importance of Early detection, which is crucial yet challenging, particularly at the early stage when treatment is still possible before metastasis occurs. Thanks to advancements in biotechnology, biosensors have become a widely used technology for cancer diagnosis. In recent years, various types of biosensors have been developed, but the sensitivity and precise performance of electrochemical biosensors make them a preferable choice compared to conventional principles of cancer detection, like ELISA. Moreover, the incorporation of nanomaterials can enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the biosensor. In this review, we discuss the latest Electrochemical nano-biosensors that utilize materials such as graphene and its derivatives, as well as gold nanoparticles. These biosensors are capable of diagnosing different types of relatable biomarkers such as cells, Genetic content, and proteins at an ultra- terrestrial level. We specifically mention two biomarkers, microRNA-۲۱ (miR۲۱) and human epidermal growth factor receptor ۲ (HER۲) protein. The text provides an overview of various electrochemical techniques, including optometry, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Following a table, the text provides comprehensive and Comparative data about these techniques. This report highlights the limitations and challenges associated with the fabrication and recognition of nano-biosensors. It also paves the way for future investigations in enhancing their performance and applicability.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast cancer ، electrochemical biosensor ، Early cancer detection