Feasibility analysis of zero-Energy buildings in shiraz, Iran

The transition toward Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) represents a fundamental strategy to mitigate energy supply-demand mismatches and greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. This study presents an analytical evaluation and physical-mathematical simulation of the technical, thermodynamic, and economic feasibility of NZEBs in the metropolitan city of Shiraz, characterized by a cold semi-arid climate (BSk). The core innovation of this paper lies in validating a novel analytical hypothesis: integrating Shiraz's traditional bioclimatic architectural patterns—specifically the shading control and high thermal mass exemplified in the historic Salehi House—with advanced passive envelope technologies, such as Phase Change Materials (PCMs), and active all-electric solar systems. This combination yields a thermodynamic synergy that completely eliminates seasonal energy imbalances, bringing the annual and monthly Load Matching Index (LMI) to a perfect ۱.۰۰ without requiring expensive electrical storage or relying on natural gas. Simulation results for a typical ۴-story residential building demonstrate that upgrading the envelope reduces heating and cooling demands by ۷۷.۵% and ۶۷.۸%, respectively. This reduced demand allows a ۲۶.۲۵ kWp photovoltaic system to generate ۵۵,۳۰۸.۸ kWh of clean electricity annually, providing a net annual surplus of ۳۰,۴۰۶.۳ kWh for export to the national grid. Economic assessment indicates that while the simple payback period is ۲۹.۷۶ years under the current subsidized tariff scenario, it drops to ۸.۸۴ years under a tariff deregulation scenario or when penalizing high-consumption tiers, proving high commercial viability for private sector investors.

کلیدواژه ها:

Net-Positive Energy Building (NPEB) ، Load Matching Index (LMI) ، Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Generation ، Building Thermal Load Simulation ، Economic Feasibility Assessment ، Shiraz Climate Adaptation