The Relationship Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Self-Efficacy: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation and Self-Esteem

Objective: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with various psychological and academic challenges, yet the mechanisms underlying its relationship with self-efficacy remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD and self-efficacy, examining the mediating roles of emotion regulation and self-esteem among university students.Methods: This fundamental research employed a descriptive-correlational design using path analysis. The statistical population comprised all students at the University of Tabriz in the academic year ۲۰۲۴-۲۰۲۵. A total of ۲۱۰ participants were selected through random cluster sampling. Data collection instruments included the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data were analyzed using SPSS version ۲۷ and Amos version ۲۴ for descriptive statistics and path analysis.Findings: The direct effect of ADHD on self-efficacy was negative and significant (β = -۰.۴۱, P < ۰.۰۰۱). The direct effects of ADHD on emotion regulation (β = ۰.۴۸, P < ۰.۰۰۱) and self-esteem (β = -۰.۳۹, P < ۰.۰۰۱) were significant. Emotion regulation (β = -۰.۳۵, P < ۰.۰۰۱) and self-esteem (β = ۰.۴۲, P < ۰.۰۰۱) had significant direct effects on self-efficacy. The indirect effects of ADHD on self-efficacy through emotion regulation (β = -۰.۱۷, P < ۰.۰۰۱) and self-esteem (β = -۰.۱۶, P < ۰.۰۰۱) were significant.Conclusion: Emotion regulation and self-esteem serve as crucial mediators in the relationship between ADHD and self-efficacy. These findings suggest that interventions targeting emotion regulation skills and self-esteem enhancement may improve self-efficacy among university students with ADHD symptoms.

کلیدواژه ها:

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ، self-efficacy ، emotion regulation ، self-esteem ، university students