Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors: A Review of Designs, Materials, and Applications

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors based on Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) represent a significant advancement in optical sensing. By integrating the unique light-guiding properties of PCFs with the high sensitivity of the SPR phenomenon, these sensors offer unprecedented performance in terms of sensitivity, miniaturization, and design flexibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in PCF-SPR sensors. It covers the fundamental principles, key performance metrics, and recent innovations in sensor design, including D-shaped, hollow-core, and selectively coated structures. Furthermore, it explores the use of novel plasmonic materials beyond gold and silver, such as transparent conducting oxides and ۲D materials like graphene, which have opened new avenues for enhancing sensor performance. Key applications in biosensing, chemical analysis, and physical parameter measurement are discussed, highlighting the versatility of this technology. Finally, the review addresses the current challenges related to fabrication and integration and outlines the future outlook, pointing towards the development of intelligent, multi-analyte, and lab-on-a-fiber systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) ، Optical Sensor ، Biosensor ، Refractive Index Sensor ، Plasmonics