Osteochondral Injuries of the Foot and Ankle

Background: Osteochondral injuries of the foot and ankle are significant clinical concerns that can lead to chronic pain, functional disability, and long-term joint damage. These injuries typically occur due to acute trauma or repetitive stress, affecting both bone and cartilage, which can disrupt mobility and weight-bearing activities. The ankle joint, in particular, is sensitive to these types of injuries due to its complex biomechanics and the high forces exerted during activities such as running and jumping. Early diagnosis and management are crucial in preventing long-term complications. Methods: A comprehensive review of the existing literature was conducted, focusing on studies published between ۲۰۰۰ and ۲۰۲۳. Relevant databases were searched using keywords such as 'osteochondral injuries,' 'foot and ankle,' 'treatment,' and 'rehabilitation.' The selected studies encompassed a variety of methodologies, including clinical trials, retrospective studies, and meta-analyses, providing insights into different treatment approaches, ranging from non-surgical management to surgical interventions. Results: The findings reveal a wide range of therapeutic options for osteochondral injuries of the foot and ankle. Non-surgical management, including physiotherapy, activity modification, and the use of orthotics, has been shown to be effective in mild to moderate cases. In contrast, surgical interventions, such as microfracture techniques, autologous osteochondral grafting, and scaffold-based repairs, provided significant improvements in joint function and pain relief for severe injuries. Additionally, the choice between surgical options often depends on the severity of the injury, its location, and the patient's activity level. The recovery period is highly variable, with many patients requiring a structured rehabilitation program to restore full function. Conclusion: Consequently, osteochondral injuries of the foot and ankle present considerable challenges for healthcare providers and affected individuals. A proper understanding of the injury mechanisms and timely interventions can improve outcomes. Treatment selections should be individualized based on the specific characteristics of the injury and the patient's needs. Ongoing research into advanced techniques and biomaterials continues to enhance the management of these injuries and may lead to improved recovery rates and reduced long-term complications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Osteochondral injuries ، foot and ankle ، treatment modalities ، conservative management ، surgical interventions ، rehabilitation ، joint function