Osteochondral Injuries of the Foot and Ankle

Background: Osteochondral injuries of the foot and ankle are significant conditions that involve damage to the cartilage and underlying bone. These injuries often result from trauma, such as fractures or severe sprains, but can also arise from chronic stress or repetitive motion. The prevalence of these injuries is particularly observed in athletes engaged in contact sports, making a comprehensive understanding of their etiology, diagnosis, and management essential. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention are crucial to preventing long-term complications, such as osteoarthritis, which can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. Methods: This study examines the literature analyzing the prevalence and management of osteochondral injuries in the foot and ankle, including a systematic search across several medical databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between ۲۰۰۳ and ۲۰۲۳. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies detailing surgical and non-surgical interventions, patient outcomes, and rehabilitation protocols. Ultimately, relevant studies were identified, and data regarding demographics, injury patterns, treatment methods, and follow-up outcomes were extracted. Results: Analysis revealed that osteochondral injuries often present with symptoms such as pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Radiological assessments, including MRI and CT scans, play a vital role in accurate diagnosis and assessing the extent of damage. Treatment options varied significantly across studies. Non-surgical approaches, including rest and physical therapy, were effective in managing mild to moderate cases. In contrast, surgical interventions, such as arthroscopic debridement, osteochondral autograft transplantation, and microfracture techniques, showed promising results for severe injuries. Overall success rates for surgical treatments, along with improved patient-reported outcomes and return-to-sport capabilities, were reported to be around ۷۵-۸۵%. Conclusion: In conclusion, osteochondral injuries of the foot and ankle require a multifaceted approach to diagnosis and treatment. With advancements in diagnostic imaging and surgical techniques, the prognosis for affected patients has greatly improved. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and the development of less invasive treatment strategies to enhance recovery and prevent complications. Additionally, awareness and early intervention remain vital for reducing the burden of disease and facilitating better recovery. Keywords: Osteochondral lesions, Talus, Ankle joint, Cartilage repair, Subchondral bone.

کلیدواژه ها:

Osteochondral lesions ، Talus ، Ankle joint ، Cartilage repair ، Subchondral bone