Recent advancements in Thyroid CancerTreatment: A Review of Molecular Targeted Therapy andNovel Drug Delivery Systems

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is prevalent in women, particularly in Asia. Iran's mortality rate is ۰.۵۸%, with thyroidcancer being the ۵th most common cancer in women and ۱۵thin men. In recent years, evolving thyroid cancer therapies showrapid advancements. Studies have shown there are various typesof therapies including Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), Localtherapies, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), combinationtherapy using BRAF / MEK inhibitors and Inhibitionof Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and the novelNano formulations. This review evaluates different treatmentsof TC with aim of identification of the safest and the most effectivetherapies in recent findings.Materials and Methods: This review was conducted by searchof databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct,MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library and Google Scholaras a search engine. The search was conducted using specifickeywords and related Mesh terms, including thyroid cancer, targetedtherapy, combination therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors,and novel drug delivery systems, up to March ۲۰۲۳.Results: The investigation into thyroid cancer targeting hasshown promising opportunities for effective treatment. Theresults obtained from various phases of studies demonstratethat combination of TKIs with other effective agents leads toa greater rate of clinical benefit for treating anaplastic thyroidcancer. In this regard, FDA-approved TKIs, namely Vandetaniband Cabozantinib, are utilized for the treatment of medullarythyroid cancer (MTC), along with five single-agent drugs andone combination therapy. As evidenced by clinical studies,MAPK inhibitors can enhance the efficacy of radioactive iodinetreatment by targeting. Novel drug delivery systems can improvedrug effectiveness and minimize side effects. Liposomesshow promise, such as cationic liposome-mediated delivery ofmiR-۳۴ for targeted carcinoma therapy.Conclusion: The development of targeting and molecular therapieshas improved the treatment, increasing the efficacy andreducing adverse effects. However, the issue of patient survivalremains unclear, and further studies are needed, particularly inthe context of conducting new approaches in clinical phases.

کلیدواژه ها:

thyroid cancer ، targeted therapy ، combination therapy ، tyrosine kinase inhibitors ، novel drug delivery systems