A systematic review about factors related to hookah Smoking among theIranian population

Background: Hookah smoking has had a growing trend especially among the Iranian population.Knowing the related factors is important in designing preventive interventions. This systematicreview was conducted to summarize the factors related to hookah Smoking in the Iranianpopulation.Methods: Seven electronic databases including Magiran, SID, and Iran Medex were searched forarticles in Farsi; and Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles in English.Searches were done on February۲۳, ۲۰۲۰ by using the keywords “Waterpipe, Hookah, Goza,Shisha, Hubble bubble, Narghile or Smoking” and 'predictive factors or predictors'.Results: ۱۶ studies (۷ English papers and ۸ Persian articles) entered the review. In these studies,positive attitude towards hookah smoking, subjective norms, self-efficacy, perceived threat, beingwith friends, filling leisure time, entertainment, unemployment, pleasant feeling, reducing anxietyand fatigue, and easy access to hookah were related to hookah smoking.Conclusions: Design and implementation of proper interventions might be effective in preventinghookah use in the Iranian population. Designing programs to fill people' leisure time, promotingsports, and teaching problem solving methods may help prevent hookah smoking.

کلیدواژه ها:

Systematic Review ، Hookah ، Predictive Factors ، Iran