Composting of Organic Wastes: Features,Advantages, and Limitations

Composting is the natural process of decomposition that turns organic materials like kitchen waste, any food product waste, gardens waste, and vegetable food scraps into a dark, crumbly, and earthy-smelling material called compost. Compost is rich in nutrients and is great for the garden, shrubs, or even indoor potted plants. Ten million tons of municipal solid waste was generated in ۲۰۲۰. Waste generation rates are affected by socio-economic development, degree of industrialization, and climate. Generally, the greater a country’s economic prosperity and the larger its urban population, the greater the amount of solid waste generated. It is estimated that in ۲۰۳۰. Solid waste originates from a wide range of domestic (residential), industrial, agricultural, institutional, municipal, and commercial sources, including households, manufacturers, hospitals, street sweeping activities, and markets. Waste composition is influenced by factors such as location, living standards, and weather. The composition of solid waste affects the selection and operation of collection and disposal equipment and facilities, the feasibility of resource and energy recovery, and the design of disposal facilities. Compost should be chemically stable, contain low concentrations of contaminants such as heavy metals and hazardous organic chemicals, and have an earthy, non-offensive odor. It should also retain water, have proper pH and salinity levels, and contain enough nutrients (N, P, and K) to benefit plant growth without having an adverse effect on soil. This review paper aims at explaining the types of compost, process, and methods used for food waste composting.

کلیدواژه ها:

Solid Waste ، Composting ، Waste Composition ، Disposal Equipment