بررسی ارزیابی ارقام و اکسپشن های دو گونه مرتعی ‭Festuca arundinacea ‬و ‭Dactylis glomerata ‬برای عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه در دو شرایط آبی و دیم استان اردبیل

In order to study of genetic variation based on yield, morphological and quality traits and determine the best population for both yield and quality, 2 separate experiment were conducted using 36 genotypes for each of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and cocksfoot (Dactylias glomerata) using a triple lattice design in Ardabil, Iran during 2005 to 2006. The data were collected and analyzed for heading date, plant height, DM yield and five quality traits as Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Water Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC) , Crude Protein (CP) , Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and total ash in two consecutive years. Near infrared spectroscopy was used for estimation of the quality traits. The data for yield and quality traits were analyzed over two years. The results showed that genotypes effect was significant for all of traits except for total ash. Genotype by year interaction effects was significant for DM yield, heading date total ash. The Results showed that genotypes VIII (Russia) , 782026 (Shahrekord) and 60075 (Tavankesh) with average values of 9.6, 9.2 and 8.9 ton h-1 had higher production. Based on time of ear emergence 078 (USA) and 1317 (Iran) had earliest and 1418 (Austarlia) and 60066 (Brojen) had latest ear emergence date. 627 (Sanandaj) had higher values for both yield and quality (DMD and CP) . The results of genotypic correlation showed that DM yield had positively correlated with plant height, WSC and total ash and negatively correlated with ear emergence date. The correlation among DMD and WSC was positive and significant. The both traits had negative correlation with ADF. The broad sense heritability (h2 b) estimates were high for DM yield, DMD, WSC and CP with average values of 0.55, 0.73, and 0.69 and 0.41 respectively. The results of dryland farming experiment for tall festuca showed significant variation for all of traits. For DM yield, the results showed that genotypes 60070 (Brojen), 60071 (Kamyaran), 1317 (Iran) and 60075 (Tavankesh) with average values of 9.6, 9.2 and 8.9 ton h-1 had higher production. For plant height, 625 (Baneh) and 60076 (Kamyaran) had tallest stem. For ear emergence date 625 (Baneh) and 60035 (Esfahan) recognized as earliest and 1414 (Austalia) as the latest genotypes. Using the five drought resistance indices as (TOL), (SSI), (MP), (GMP) and (STI) the genotypes 60076 (Kamyaran), 1317 (Iran) and 60075 (Tavankesh) were recognized as the best genotypes for cultivation in drought and irrigated area. The results for irrigated experiment in cocksfoot showed significant differences among genotypes for all of traits. For DM yield 1054 (Spanish), 1455 (Malayer) and 1094 (gene bank) had higher production. For plant height 1054 (Spanish), and 499 (Zanjan) had tallest stem. The genotypes 199 (gene bank), 1551 (Russia) as the earliest and 265 (Ghazvin as the latest ear emergence date The results of dry land farming system for cocksfoot showed significant differences among genotypes for all of traits except heading date. For DM yield 1058 (Spanish), 1058 (Gazvin) and 199 (gene bank) had higher forage production. The genotypes 197 (Karaj) and 1058 (Spanish) had the earliest and latest ear emergence date in dryland farming system, respectively. Using drought resistance indices as TOL, SSI, MP, GMP and STI for yield and the genotypes 199 (gene bank), 1058 (Spanish) and 1054 (Spanish) were the best genotypes for DM yield based on MP, GMP and STI indices. Key words: Festuca arundinacea, Dactylias glomerata Yield, Quality, Correlation, dryland faming system, Ardebil province

کلیدواژه ها:

داکتیلیس گلومراتا ، فستوکا آروندیناسیا ، چمنیان ، علوفه ، تنوع ژنتیکی