بررسی زمان ورود و خروج دام در مراتع نمونه پنج منطقه رویشی ایران (قم- غرب دریاچه قم)

Range species consist of different plant species, each with different vegetative and reproductive stages. Thus, each species has a particular time period for growing readiness and grazing at a particular time must also stop. Moreover, rangeland soil is ready only in certain times to sever livestock. Without understanding these characteristics, determining the grazing season and livestock management and grazing is not possible. With this study, the revising of grazing rangeland management programs in similar areas with similar vegetation will be possible. So in order to determine the timing of entry and exit of livestock to and from rangeland this study was carried out in a halophyte rangeland in Hoze soltan of Qom, 35 km Northeast of Qom for five years from 2006 to 2010. Data such as the stages of plant phenology, total height of five range species and soil moisture conditions were recorded since the beginning of growing season to plant drying for of 24 weeks and 4 years to determine the appropriate time for livestock exit from rangeland utilization percentage evaluation method was employed to compare their level of exploitation with the main range species. The study was performed on three rangland species ( Alhagi camelorum , Seidlitzia rosmarinus , Halocnemum strobilaceum ). The results showed that there were significant differences among five species of rangeland in terms of phenology stages in the years studied. The study of weather and soil moisture and phenology status of rangland species, is concluded that from early October (when in full bloom H. strobilaceum) entry of livestock no limit. Also the compares between the results of Study the allowed use of important rangeland plants design and the table data of utilization percentage from grazing behavior and preference value species shows that the end of March is the best time to exit livestock from rangland. Nevertheless the license of grazing on rangeland is from late October to late April however ranchers are out of rangeland in late March. Overall, it seems that the time of utilization from rangeland of Hoze Soltan is controled by ranchers and the time of entry and exit of livestock is appropriate and vegetation and soil of rangeland is not under pressure. Keywords: Range Readiness, Time of livestock Entry to Rangeland, Time of Exit from the Rangeland, Phenology, Halophyte plants , Qom.