Sewage Effects on Environment and Ways to Treat Them

Domestic and municipal wastes and sewage sludge are by far the greatest volume of waste discharged to the marine environment. Huge loads of wastes are generated daily from highly populated cities and are washed out by the drainage systems which generally open into nearby rivers or aquatic systems. As, the industrial areas are mostly highly populated or are usually established near highly populated areas. Higher pollution load from industrial sources is generally accompanied by a higher risk of domestic and sewage pollution . It is hard to imagine raw sewage being dumped into the ocean, but it happens on a regular basis. The oceans are vast and can break down this vile liquid, but it still causes many adverse effects on marine life. Sewage or polluting substances flow through sewage, rivers, or drainages directly into the ocean. This is often how minerals and substances from mining camps find their way into the ocean. The release of other chemical nutrients into the ocean‟s ecosystem leads to reduction in oxygen levels, the decay of plant life and a severe decline in the quality of the sea water itself. As a result, all levels of oceanic life, plants and animals, are highly affected . Recently Scientists are looking for efficient ways for governments to avoid the water pollution by sewage. One of these most efficient ways is membrane bioreactor associate with genetically engineered autotrophic nitrifying bacteria which the results indicated that this process has high-efficiency for advanced treatment of sewage; the other way is tail water decentralized treatment and drainage system of sewage treatment plant which is comprising a riparian vegetation buffer zone, a subsurface flow constructed wetland and a riverside protection pile, the riparian vegetation buffer zone comprises an excavation protection slope and an ecological bag paved on the excavation protection slope. By constructing a subsurface flow constructed wetland on the slope of the river bank after repositioning, the vegetation buffer zone and the subsurface flow constructed wetland are skillfully combined, and the tail water of sewage treatment plants is purified and treated through the subsurface flow constructed wetland. It is particularly suitable for changing the condition of single drainage outlet for the sewage treatment plant constructed near the river, with strong practicability. Now days with developing these eco-friendly ways, we hope to prevent and stop destroying our environment and save the organisms that are in risk of extinction because of human activities.