Probabilistic Optimal Planning of Energy Resources in Distribution Networks with Time-Varying Voltage- Dependent Load Models and Demand Response Program

Distribution network operators (DNOs) tend tosupply electrical energy to customers in economical and reliablemanners. This paper proposes a probabilistic distributedgeneration (DG) planning model to determine technology type,capacity, and location of DG units to reduce power losses, improvereliability and voltage profile of a distribution network. This paperalso proposes several different types of time-varying voltagedependentload models to determine the penetration level ofrenewable and non-renewable DGs in a distribution network. Theproposed approach is evaluated on a wind integrated powersystem considering the loads, prices, and wind power generationuncertainties. The DNO focuses on the impact of time-of-use ratesof demand response program (DRP) on total cost function andload profile. Considered cost function covers the cost of investmentand operation of DGs, purchase costs of the upstream network,defined cost to reliability index and the energy losses. Theproposed model is evaluated on a typical radial network. TheGAMS software is used to solve the optimization problems. Resultsare obtained for constant, residential, commercial, and industrialload models in four cases. The results show that the DG units canproduce different penetration levels by using time-varying loadmodels.

کلیدواژه ها:

probabilistic distributed generation (DG) ، microgrid (MG) ، wind-turbine (WT) and demand response program (DRP)