Demographic characteristics associated with variations in antibody response to COVID-۱۹ involvement: Implications for nursing practice and patient care

Background: Accurate diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination are key to ending the COVID ۱۹ pandemic. From a nursing perspective, understanding demographic influences on antibody responses is essential for individualized care. This study aimed to investigate demographic factors affecting anti-COVID-۱۹ antibody responses to support evidence-based nursing interventions. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, IgM/IgG antibodies as well as age and sex were evaluated in individuals suspected or infected with COVID-۱۹, referred to the Maragheh Pathobiology/Iran from ۲۰۲۱ to ۲۰۲۲. The Chi-Square test, independent sample t-test, bivariate correlation, and linear regression tests were used to examine the relationships using SPSS.۲۶. Nursing assessments of demographic variables were integrated into the data collection process. Results: For ۶۲۸ participants, the positivity rates of IgM, IgG, and either IgM or IgG were ۱۶.۴%, ۳۶.۶%, and ۳۸.۷%, respectively. There were no differences in gender regarding the positivity rates and antibodies; however, antibody levels were higher in males than females. There was a significant difference between prevalence and level of both antibodies with age (IgG in all participants: r=۰.۱۲ and in positive participants r=۰.۱۶), while age could be a predictive factor for those (Beta coefficient IgM= ۰.۱۳, ۰.۱۲ and IgG= ۰.۲۳, and ۰.۲۶ for all and positive participants, respectively), with best estimates for patients aged ۶۰ years or above. These findings highlight the need for age-specific nursing care protocols. Conclusion: These findings emphasize that demographic factors such as age and gender can influence anti-COVID-۱۹ antibody responses. From a nursing standpoint, these results should be considered in health planning, vaccination strategies, and the delivery of personalized nursing care to high-risk populations, particularly older adults.

کلیدواژه ها:

COVID-۱۹ ، Association ، Antibody ، Age ، Sex ، Nursing care ، Demographic factors