Development of a Cr/ZSM-۵-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Amlodipine

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker widely used in the treatment of hypertension and angina due to its ability to inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby promoting vasodilation and reducing blood pressure. Owing to its widespread pharmaceutical and therapeutic use, the development of reliable and sensitive analytical methods for its determination is of considerable importance. In the present study, a Cr/ZSM-۵ nanostructure was employed as an electrode-modifying material for the fabrication of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical determination of amlodipine. The synthesized Cr/ZSM-۵ material and the modified electrode were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. These characterization techniques were used to investigate the morphological, elemental, structural, surface chemical, and textural properties of the prepared material. The electrochemical behavior of amlodipine at the modified electrode was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), while differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed for its quantitative determination. The Cr/ZSM-۵-modified GCE exhibited an enhanced electrochemical response toward amlodipine and provided a favorable analytical response over a concentration range of ۰.۹۹-۳۳.۸۱ μM. A limit of detection (LOD) of ۰.۹۳ μM was obtained under the optimized experimental conditions. The obtained linear range and detection limit demonstrate the favorable analytical performance of the Cr/ZSM-۵-modified GCE for the determination of amlodipine. In addition, the proposed sensor exhibited acceptable repeatability and reproducibility, indicating consistent analytical responses under the investigated conditions. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate that the Cr/ZSM-۵-modified GCE provides a simple and effective electrochemical platform for the quantitative determination of amlodipine.

کلیدواژه ها:

Amlodipine ، Cr/ZSM-۵ nanostructures ، Modified electrode ، Sensing assay