Eryngium billardieri and Eryngium kotschyi: A Review on Phytochemistry, Bioactive Compounds, and Therapeutics

Eryngium billardieri F.delaroche and Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. are medicinal plants from the family Apiaceae, known for their broad spectrum of biological activity and diverse chemotype composition, which have received increased scientific attention. While these two species have been used in conventional medication for years in Iran and Turkey, recent studies have greatly expanded our knowledge of their phytochemical diversity, pharmacology, extraction methods and applications applied on humans. The objective of this review is to present the annual coverage of publications from Yto that features botany, phytochemistry, extraction, biological activity, traditional use and industrial application study outcomes of similar plant. Evidence shows that E.billardieri contains a wide range of beneficial compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils, polysaccharides, minerals, amino acids, and other unique secondary metabolites. In contrast, E.kotschyi contains newly discovered tri-terpenoid saponins and high levels of rosmarinic acid and other phenolic compounds, which display strong biological activity.Experimental studies have shown that these plants have various beneficial effects, such as reducing oxidative stress, decreasing inflammation, fighting infections, managing diabetes, protecting the liver, supporting brain health, reducing obesity, relieving pain, and preventing cancer. Additionally, E.billardieri is used in the development of functional foods, edible films, milk preservation, fruit juice enrichment, eco-friendly synthesis of metal nanoparticles, and the production of prebiotics.

کلیدواژه ها:

Eryngium billardieri ، Eryngium kotschyi ، Apiaceae ، phytochemicals ، medicinal plants ، antioxidant activity ، pharmacological activities ، rosmarinic acid