A Resilient Microgrid Design for Supplying Critical Loads Using Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, and EV-Based V۲G with Dynamic Pricing Mechanisms

In the context of post-disaster recovery for power distribution networks (PDNs), electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as valuable mobile energy storage assets. Supported by charging stations with vehicle-to-grid (V۲G) capability, EV fleets can serve as effective supplementary power sources for regions struck by disasters. Most current charging stations, however, permit only one-way charging, which constrains the potential resilience benefits of V۲G. To bridge this gap, we propose a resilience-focused restoration optimization model that jointly optimizes the siting of V۲G-capable charging stations and the reconfiguration of PDN topology. We introduce Resilience Entropy, a novel metric that dynamically characterizes the recovery process over time. The proposed model explicitly represents fault propagation and circuit breaker operations, while incorporating power flow constraints and enforcing a radial network topology for secure operation. Uncertainties in EV behavior are also modeled to ensure the approach remains robust under real-world post-disaster conditions. By solving this model, we identify an optimal deployment plan for V۲G stations. Case studies confirm that the model improves post-disaster power supply restoration and efficiency, and we examine how varying user participation willingness in V۲G services influences the restoration outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

resilience entropy ، Vehicle-to-Grid (V۲G) ، charging station siting ، power distribution network (PDN) ، post-disaster restoration