A SBM DEA Model of Performance Generation via Input–Output Ratios under Pseudo-Returns to Scale

Data Envelopment Analysis with ratio measures (DEA-R) provides an effective framework for evaluating the performance of decision-making units based on ratio indicators. However, existing DEA-R studies generally treat outputs as a homogeneous set and overlook systems in which outputs play different functional roles and exhibit distinct scaling behaviors. This study introduces a novel ratio-based technology with two categories of outputs. The first category is combined with inputs to construct ratio-based performance indicators, whereas the second category represents outcome outputs generated through the utilization of these performance structures. A new axiomatic framework is developed, and the concept of pseudo-returns to scale is extended to the ratio–output space. The proposed approach characterizes pseudo-returns to scale within ratio-based technologies. The framework provides a new perspective for analyzing organizations in which performance indicators and outcome indicators respond differently to resource utilization and operational development.

کلیدواژه ها:

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ، Ratio-Based Technology ، Pseudo-Returns to Scale ، Ratio Performance Indicators ، Outcome Outputs