Strategies for synchronizing the biodegradation of Magnesium Protheses to Match Bone Regeneration

The paradigm in orthopedic implantology is increasingly shifting towards biodegradable materials that provide temporary mechanical support and dissolve after tissue healing, thereby eliminating the need for secondary removal surgery. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys stand at the forefront of this revolution, offering a unique combination of biocompatibility, a bone-like elastic modulus that mitigates stress-shielding, and intrinsic osteogenic and angiogenic properties. However, the clinical adoption of Mg-based prostheses is critically hindered by their rapid and uncontrolled degradation in the physiological environment. This leads to a premature loss of mechanical integrity and the evolution of hydrogen gas, resulting in a mismatch between the implant's lifespan and the ۱۲-۲۴ week bone regeneration timeline. This review comprehensively analyzes the leading strategies to tune the degradation rate of Mg implants to synchronize with bone healing. We critically evaluate bulk alloying with elements like Zn, Ca, and Sr; surface modification techniques including plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), fluoride conversion coatings, and biodegradable polymer layers; and structural design via additive manufacturing. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges of in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation models, current limitations in long-term predictability and coating adhesion, and future perspectives focused on smart, multifunctional implants and advanced predictive modeling. The ultimate goal is to bridge the gap between material science and clinical orthopedics, paving the way for the next generation of reliable, fully bio-integrative Mg prostheses.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biodegradable Magnesium Implants ، Corrosion Control ، Bone Regeneration Synchronization ، Surface Modification ، Orthopedic Biomaterials