The Role of Stem Cells in Bioactive Dental Material-Based Regeneration: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications

Regenerative dentistry aims to restore the structure and function of dental tissues through biological approaches rather than mechanical replacement. Central to this strategy is the synergistic use of stem cells, particularly human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), mechanic and bioactive dental materials such as calcium phosphate cements and silicate-based bioceramics. These materials release therapeutic ions (e.g., Ca۲+, PO۴۳, SiO۴۴) that modulate cellular behavior, promote mineralization, and stimulate odontogenic and angiogenic pathways. When combined with hDPSCs, they enhance tissue regeneration in applications such as vital pulp therapy, regenerative endodontics, periodontal regeneration, and alveolar bone repair. This review critically evaluates the functional properties, ion release profiles, and biological responses of major bioactive materials, as well as the mechanisms underlying stem cell-material interactions. Furthermore, it highlights the clinical potential, current limitations, and future directions for translating these combined strategies into effective regenerative dental therapies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bioactive materials ، Stem cells ، Regenerative Dentistry