Injectable Hydrogels for Knee Joint: A Comprehensive Review of Composition and Characteristics

Injectable knee hydrogels are advanced biomaterials engineered to replicate the biomechanical and biochemical environment of articular cartilage, providing structural support, lubrication, and controlled therapeutic delivery. Their modular design integrates polymeric matrices, crosslinking agents, bioactive molecules, and high water content to enhance cartilage regeneration, reduce inflammation, and alleviate pain. Recent advances include nanocomposite reinforcement, stimuli-responsive behavior, and incorporation of growth factors, stem cells, or extracellular vesicles. Despite promising preclinical results, clinical translation requires addressing challenges in biocompatibility, reproducibility, and regulatory compliance. Injectable hydrogels represent a transformative approach for osteoarthritis therapy, moving toward functional joint restoration and personalized regenerative treatments

کلیدواژه ها:

Injectable hydrogels ، Knee joint ، Cartilage repair ، Polymeric matrix ، Bioactive molecules ، Osteoarthritis