Challenges and Strategies in Stabilizing Oxidoreductase Enzymes for Long-Term Biosensing

Oxidoreductase enzymes are essential to next-generation biosensors, enabling selective detection of important and industrially relevant analytes. Their catalytic range of function underpins applications in glucose monitoring, antioxidant profiling and environmental sensing. However, natural and native enzymes are extremely sensitive to operational stresses. These kinds of issues lead to having limited long-term use. Usual immobilization methods often fail to keep and retain activity over repeated cycles, underscoring the need for improved stabilization methods. Recent advances emphasize nanostructured carriers such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). These methods provide protective microenvironments that enhance stability and of course reusability. In parallel, some conductive nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, graphene and MXenes have successfully improved electron transfer (ET) efficiency and reduced interference. Together, these improvements point toward adaptive biosensing platforms, while challenges in eco-friendly synthesis, scalability, and biocompatibility must still be addressed to translate laboratory prototypes into robust devices for medicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial intelligence ، Enzyme immobilization ، Nanomaterials ، Oxidoreductase biosensors