The Pivotal Role of Nanoadsorbents in Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Environments

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic systems poses a severe threat to environmental and human health due to their non-biodegradability, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential. Traditional methods for heavy metal removal often suffer from high operational costs, low efficiency, secondary pollution, or limited applicability. Nanoadsorbents, a rapidly evolving class of materials, offer a promising solution due to their unique properties, including high surface area, tunable pore size, abundant active sites, and enhanced reactivity. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in nanoadsorbent technology for heavy metal remediation. We discuss various types of nanoadsorbents, including carbon-based nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanomaterials, and nanocomposites, highlighting their synthesis, characterization, and adsorption mechanisms. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their large-scale application, such as aggregation, separation, and potential toxicity, are addressed, along with emerging strategies to overcome these limitations. The future prospects of nanoadsorbents in sustainable heavy metal removal are also explored, emphasizing the need for cost-effective synthesis, improved regeneration, and environmentally benign disposal.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanocomposites ، Graphene Oxide ، Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ، Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ، Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles