Socio-economic Wellbeing in Later Life: A Comprehensive Review of Post-retirement Engagement Pathways and Managerial Implications

Population aging and extended life expectancy have fundamentally transformed the structure and duration of later life, necessitating a comprehensive reassessment of socio-economic wellbeing after retirement. This review paper synthesizes interdisciplinary literature to examine how post-retirement engagement pathways, including bridge employment, entrepreneurship, volunteering, caregiving, and lifelong learning, shape multidimensional wellbeing outcomes. Drawing upon life-course theory and institutional perspectives, the analysis conceptualizes socio-economic wellbeing as an integrated construct encompassing financial security, social inclusion, psychological fulfillment, and health sustainability. The review highlights the role of cumulative advantage and structural inequality in shaping access to engagement opportunities and underscores the importance of engagement quality, voluntariness, and institutional support. Managerial implications are explored with particular attention to age-inclusive workforce strategies, flexible work arrangements, knowledge transfer systems, and adaptive human resource policies. At the policy level, the paper emphasizes pension adequacy, labor market regulation, healthcare access, and public–private collaboration as critical determinants of equitable aging trajectories. By integrating fragmented scholarly strands, this review advances a comprehensive framework for understanding and promoting sustainable socio-economic wellbeing in later life.

کلیدواژه ها:

Socio-economic Wellbeing ، Post-retirement Engagement ، Active Aging ، Age-inclusive Management ، Retirement Transition