Affecting factors on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Digital and Hybrid Work Environments

Purpose: Digital transformation and the expansion of remote and hybrid work models have fundamentally altered the nature of organizational interactions and employee behavior. In this context, understanding the affecting factors on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in digital work environments has become a critical topic in human resource management and organizational behavior. This study aims to systematically identify and classify the affecting factors on OCB in digital and hybrid work environments. Research Method: This research was conducted using a systematic review approach based on the PRISMA ۲۰۲۰ guidelines. Articles published between ۲۰۲۰ and ۲۰۲۶ in reputable international databases were searched, screened, and evaluated. Data were extracted, compared, and classified using qualitative content analysis. Findings: The results revealed that affecting factors on OCB in digital work environments can be classified into six main categories: Individual Factors (digital competence and self-efficacy, motivation, organizational commitment, and continuous learning), Organizational Factors (organizational support and justice, organizational culture, and agility), Leadership Factors (digital leadership, transformational leadership, and employee empowerment), Technological Factors (quality of IT infrastructure, technology acceptance, digital training, and online collaboration tools), Social Factors (trust, team collaboration, social capital, virtual communication, and knowledge sharing), and Psychological Factors (job satisfaction, work engagement, psychological well-being, and reduced job burnout). The findings also indicated that the simultaneous interaction of these factors plays a decisive role in strengthening OCB in digital work settings. Conclusion: In the era of digital transformation, OCB is not solely influenced by traditional human resource management variables but is the result of the interaction between technology, leadership, organizational culture, and individual employee characteristics. The framework presented in this study can serve as a basis for developing theoretical models, designing managerial interventions, and guiding future research in organizational behavior and human resource management.

کلیدواژه ها:

Organizational Citizenship Behavior ، Digital Transformation ، Digital Work Environments ، Hybrid Work ، Remote Work ، Systematic Review